Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

Background: The rise of antimicrobial resistance stands in the way of proper ENT infections in parts of the world where resources are limited. Irrational antibiotic treatment in Bangladesh has increased antibiotic resistance among both community and hospital patients. 
Objective: This study aims to determine the bacterial types, patterns of antibiotic resistance, and the risk factors involved in ENT diseases. 
Methodology: The research enrolled 120 patients with ENT infections who had been admitted to a tertiary medical college hospital in a cross-sectional observational study. Samples from the cultures were tested with antibiotics to determine their resistance. Using SPSS version 25.0, data were examined, and conclusions were drawn at the statistical significance level of p<0.05. 
Result: The most commonly isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus (38.33%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa came next (24.17%). Followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (19.17%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.33%), and finally Escherichia coli (5%). Most S. aureus and K. pneumoniae isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin (89.1% and 93.8%, respectively) and ceftriaxone, with the highest being 83.3%. Moderate resistance to meropenem was reported, ranging from 10.9% to 18.8%. Having taken antibiotics in the past (70.8%, p=0.002), incomplete the prescribed treatment (51.7%, p=0.01), and purchasing over-the-counter antibiotics (65%, p<0.001) were all associated with AMR. 
Conclusion: Most ENT pathogens are now highly resistant due to an overuse of antibiotics. Stronger measures and tougher rules for prescribing medications are necessary to protect lives globally.